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N-compounds naturally occur in petroleum samples and refining products,mainly present in gas oils in the form of basic (pyridine, acridine and quinoleine) and neutral (indol and carbazole) compounds.These compounds are well-known to be either refractory to hydrodenitrogenation (neutral N-compounds) or to exhibit a strong poisoning activity towards catalyst of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) (basic N-compounds).Thus, there is a growing need to better understand the composition in nitrogen compounds in order to achieve better HDS or HDN processes.Further improvement in diesel hydrotreatment will thus rely on detailed molecular analysis of N-compounds.