As an effective method, linear-quadratic (LQ) control has been widely used in vibration control of structures and mechanical systems.The issue of LQ control and design optimization of uncertain vibration system was studied from a new point of view by representing the bounded parametric uncertainties of controlled system as interval variables.A robust reliability method for performance analysis and LQ control design of uncertain vibration systems was presented.The optimal LQ controller design of uncertain system was carried out by solving a robust reliability based optimization problem.By the method, a robust reliability measure of an uncertain controlled system satisfying required robust performance can be obtained, and the robustness bounds of uncertain parameters such that the control cost of the system is guaranteed can be provided.The presented method provides an essential basis for the harmonization and balance among the performance requirements, control cost and robust reliability in control design of uncertain vibration systems.The presented method is suitable for the case that the bounds of uncertain parameters are known and for the case that the bounds of uncertain parameters are unknown.The presented formulations are within the framework of linear matrix inequality and can be implemented conveniently.It is demonstrated via the control design of a vibration system that the presented method is effective and feasible.