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民国时期的县银行,虽发端于1915年,然而一直发展迟缓,直到1940年1月20日《县银行法》颁布之后,在西南西北大后方才有了较快发展,并达到一个小高潮。本文认为:战时县银行在大后方的推设是国民政府构建战时大后方金融网的重要举措,也是实施战时新县制的配套措施,根本目的是厚植抗战建国的物质基础。县银行战时的大量出现是在特殊背景下政府不遗余力倡导的结果;县银行的发展推动了大后方金融网络的建设,并有利于地方经济的发展;战时县银行的发展主要集中于大后方的四川与陕西两省,尽管其分布趋势很不平衡,但对于改变近代中国金融机构区域分布不合理的状况仍有着积极意义。
Although the county bank originated in 1915, it has been slow to develop. Only after the promulgation of the “Bank Law of Banks” on January 20, 1940, has the county bank developed rapidly and reached a small climax. This article argues that the establishment of the rear bank of the Wusi Bank is an important measure for the Kuomintang government in building a financial net behind the wartime and is also a supporting measure for the implementation of the new wartime county system. The fundamental purpose is to build a material foundation for the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The emergence of a large number of wartime banking wartimes was a result of the government’s spared no efforts in the special context; the development of county banks promoted the construction of a large financial network at the rear of the bank and was conducive to the development of the local economy; and the development of banks in wartime focused mainly on the rear Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces, despite their uneven distribution, are still of positive significance for changing the irrational regional distribution of modern Chinese financial institutions.