Stuttering is a common speech fluency disorder that markedly disrupts the rhythmic flow of speech.About 5% children and 1% adults are affected by this disorder.Until now,it is not yet known about the neuropathology of stuttering.In a series studies,we examined the neural bases of atypical speech planning and execution processes involved in stuttering.These studies revealed that as compared to fluent controls,the atypical planning of speech was evident in the altered connectivity of the basal ganglia-inferior frontal cortex (IFC) circuit,whereas the atypical execution of speech was evident in the altered connectivity of the cerebellum-premotor area (PMA) circuit.Treatment that targeted at the speech deficits was effective in reducing stuttering.The resting-state functional connectivity and cortical thickness were examined before and after the treatment.The results identified neural anomalies that did not change after the treatment,and neural reorganizations that correlated with speech fluency improvement.Future studies are needed to follow up for a long period in order to identify the neural mechanism associated with potential relapse.