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抄家是清代政治的一个特有现象;中国历史上不乏抄家事例,唯在清代将之作为惩罚官员的手段广泛推行。借助今天的电子检索手段对清代中央档案进行全面搜索并逐一加以确认,已发现了超过两千起抄家案例。它们在时间分布上高度不均,而以18世纪雍正、乾隆两朝和19世纪光绪朝发生频次最高。对这些案例进行事由统计发现,亏空、逆叛和贪腐是最多见的罪名,因各种渎职、军事失利、文字狱、包括被连带抄家者数量亦不少。另外,抄家的发生与清代律例规定关系并不密切,特别关于官员的抄家,更多是皇帝个人意志、偏好与抉择的结果。
Coping was a peculiar phenomenon of politics in the Qing Dynasty. There was no shortage of cases of copying families in the history of China, but it was widely practiced in the Qing Dynasty as a means of punishing officials. With today’s electronic means of retrieval, a comprehensive search of the central archives of the Qing Dynasty and their confirmation one by one has led to the discovery of more than 2,000 cases of ransacking. They are highly unevenly distributed in time, most frequently occurring in the eighteenth century Yongzheng, Qianlong, and the 19th century Guangxu. Statistics on these cases show that deficit, rebellion and corruption are the most common crimes. Due to various kinds of dereliction of duty, military defeat, and literary imprisonment, there are also a number of people involved in joint scissors. In addition, the ramifications of the Qing dynasty were not closely related to the regulations of the Qing dynasty. In particular, it was the result of the personal will, preferences and choices of the emperor, especially those of officials.