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Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune bleeding order with destroyed platelets in the reticuloendothelial system.Accumulating studies have demonstrated that the defective treg cells may contribute to the pathophysiology of the ITP.To further investigate the role of Treg cells in ITP, we detected the profiles of Treg cells and the associated mRNA expression of cytokines and Transcription factors in CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in ITP murine model.In our study,we inducted the passive ITP murine model and evaluated the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulator T cell in peripheral blood and spleen by flow cytometry.The mRNA expression of Treg cells associated transcription factors(Foxp3, Smad7, STAT5 and Akt-1) and cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) in CD4+CD25+T cells which were enriched from spleen mononuclear cells were measured by real-time PCR.Results showed that the frequency of Tregs both in and peripheral blood and spleen decreased in ITP murine compared to those in controls.In addition, there was a significant reduction in mRNA expression of IL-10, TGF-β and Foxp3 in splenocyte CD4+CD25+T cells (p<0.05).The expression of Smad7 mRNA was significantly higher than the controls.However,no significantly difference of the STAT5 and Akt-1 mRNA expression were observed between ITP murine and controls.Our dates concluded that alteration in Treg frequency and functional might be responsible for immune dysfunction in ITP disease.We also speculated that the lower mRNA Foxp3 and higher Smad 7 mRNA expression might inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of Treg cells.