十九世纪末二十世纪初,继进化学派和播化学派之后,西方民族学界出现了一个新学派——“历史学派”或称“批评学派”、“美国学派”。它的创始人是被誉为美国学术界元老和美国“民族学之父”的博厄斯(Franz Boas,昔译鲍亚士,今据新华社译名改),故又称博厄斯学派。此学派虽然主要盛行于1890—1930年间,但它的影响是不可忽视的。它的观点和方法一直影响 From the late nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century, following the evolutionary school and the scholarly school, there emerged a new school of thought in the western ethnology - “history school ” or “criticism school ” and “American school ”. Its founder is known as the elite of the academic community in the United States and the United States “father of ethnography” Boas (Franz Boas, the translation of Bao Yashi, according to the Xinhua News Agency translated name change), it is also known as Bo Ersi school. Although this school mainly prevailed in 1890-1930, but its influence can not be ignored. Its views and methods have always affected