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Helix-loop-helix/basic helix-loop-helix(HLH/bHLH)proteins are involved in transcriptional networks controlling a number of biological processes in plants.However,little is known on the roles of HLH/bHLH proteins in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum),especially in fiber development,so far.In this study,we identified a HLH/bHLH gene(designated as GhFP1)in cotton.GhFP1 protein is localized in the cell nucleus,and functions as a transcriptional activator in cells.GhFP1 promotes cotton fiber elongation.Mature fiber length of the transgenic cotton overexpressing GhFP1 was significantly longer than that of wild type.