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The focus of this study was the calcium-permeable ion channels of the remodelling human vascular smooth muscle cell.For these studies we used discarded samples of saphenous vein obtained with ethical approval from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, deriving proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells in primary culture.The aim was to determine the contributions of the STIM proteins, which are stromal interaction molecules, and Orai proteins, which were named in studies of immune cell function after the Greek keepers of the gateway to heaven (Hogan et al 2010).STIM1 and Orail proteins are suggested to work together to provide the calcium-release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel of immune cells.Although CRAC channel current is not an established feature of vascular smooth muscle cells, we and others have found strong expression of STIM1 and Orail in vascular smooth muscle cells.We have also been interested to determine the relationship to native C-class Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel proteins, which are suggested to interact with STIM1 in over-expression studies (Yuan et al 2007).Data on STIM1 have been published (Li et al 2008) but we have also studied STIM2 and Orail-3.Calcium entry evoked by store-depletion was found to be partially inhibited by STIM1 siRNA, which also suppressed cell migration but not cell proliferation.