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对于没有消除残余应力的焊接结构,在使用中残余应力与工作应力叠加会导致结构的尺寸发生变化。用对接接头试件的加载一卸载模型,在理论上导出了试件卸载后的残余应变计算式。本文作者通过焊接试件的实验,证实了卸载后试件尺寸发生残余应变的现象。实验数据表明:奥氏的计算式,对纵向残余应力引起的残余应变是正确的;而由横向残余应力所引起的,则与实验数据不符。本文从实验数据处理中,求得残余应力分布系数,并提出由残余应力与工作应力叠加引起的结构尺寸变化的计算通式。
For welded structures that do not eliminate residual stress, the residual stress and work stress superimposed during use will cause the size of the structure to change. With the loading-unloading model of the joint, the residual strain calculation formula of the specimen after unloading is theoretically derived. The author of the experiment by welding the specimen, confirmed after unloading the specimen size residual strain phenomenon. The experimental data show that the formula of austenite is correct for the residual strain caused by the longitudinal residual stress and the result of the transverse residual stress is inconsistent with the experimental data. In this paper, the residual stress distribution coefficient is obtained from the experimental data processing, and the calculation formula for the structural dimension change caused by the superposition of residual stress and working stress is proposed.