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Background HIV-related opportunistic infections (OIs) and malignancies continued to cause morbidity and mortality in Chinese HIV-infected individuals.The objective for this study is to elucidate the prevalence and spectrums of OIs and malignancies in HIV-infected patients in theBeijingDitanHospital.Methods The evaluation of the prevalence and spectrums of OIs and malignancies were conducted by using the clinical data of 834 HIV-infected patients admitted in the Beijing Ditan hospital from January 1,2009, to November 30, 2012.Results ThePrevalence and spectrums of OIs and malignancies varied contingent on geographic region, transmission routes, and CD4 levels.We found that tuberculosis was most common OI and prevalence was 32.5％ , followed by followed by candidiasis (29.3％), PCP (22.4％), CMV infection (21.7％), other fungal infections (16.2％), MAC (11.3％), cryptococcosis (8.0％), PML (4.4％), Cerebral Toxoplasmosis (3.5％) and Penicillium Marneffei infection (1.4％) ; while Lymphoma (2.9％), Kaposi s sarcoma (0.8％) and cervix carcinoma (0.3％) were emerged as common AIDS-defining malignancies.Pulmonary OI infections were the most prevalent morbidity and mortality reason in patients in the AIDS stage including pulmonary tuberculosis (26.6％) and PCP (22.4％).CMV infection (21.7％) was most common viral infection; Fungal OIs were one of most prevalent morbidity in patients in the AIDS stage, including oral candidiasis (29.3％), other fungal infection (16.2％), Cryptococcosis (8.0％) and Penicillium Marneffei infection (1.4％).We found the low prevalence of AIDS-defining illnesses in central neural system in this study, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopahy (PML) (4.4％) , cerebral toxoplasmosis (3.5％), tuberculosis meningitis (3.2％), cryptococcal meningitis (2.4％) and CMV encephalitis (1.1％).In-hospital mortality rate was 4.3 per 100 person-years due to severe OIs, malignancies, and medical cost constraints.Conclusions The Prevalence and spectrums of OIs, malignancies and co-infections were discussed in this study.It would help increase the awareness for physicians to make a diagnosis and empirical treatment sooner and plan good management strategies, especially in resource limited regions.