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Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of treadmill training on learning-memory and BDNF mRNA expression in hippocampus of rats.Method 24 male SD rats were assigned into two groups: control group (C, n =8), training group (T, n =16).The T group rats took part in treadmill training for 8 weeks.In 7th week, all of the rats were participated the learning test by Y maze, and in 8th week, all of the rats were participated the memory test by Y maze.After the last treadmill training in 8th week, T groups were assigned randomly into two groups: T1 group (n =8) and T2 group (n =8).The rats of the T1 group were decollated immediately after the last running alternately with the rats in control group, and the rats of T2 group were decollated after 24 hours of the last running.The expression of BDNF mRNA were inspected by RT-PCR.Results Y maze test showed that the ability of learning and memory for T group rats were better than the C group rats.Comparing with C group, the expression of BDNF mRNA increased significantly in T1 and T2 group (P<0.01).Conclusion 8 weeks treadmill training can facility the learning process and improve the memory of rats, which may have close relation with the increase on the expression of BDNF mRNA in hippocampus.