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Clinical and experimental evidences have indicated that females appear to be more vulnerable than males to the reinforcing effects of psychostimulants.Gender differences have been repeated demonstrated in animals of all stages of drug abuse,including treatment,dependence,withdrawal and relapse.However,the underling mechanism for how ovarian hormones-regulated cocaine response remains largely unknown.The present work was designed to study how ovarian hormones regulate cocaine-altered ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine(DA) neurons firing activity and oscillation (OS).The results shows that the basal firing activities such as fh-ing rate,bursting level,OS,of DA neurons in VTA varied markedly during the estrus cycle,being highest in estrus and lowest in proestrus.