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Objective The aim of the present analysis was to evaluate the psychosocial work characteristics of medical staff in different health status by confirmatory factor analysis and to clarify the associations between psychosocial work factors and suboptimal health status.Methods The survey was conducted in medical staff(older than 40 years of age)from Xuanwu Hospital who participated in the 2014 annual health medical examination by clustered sampling method.The Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaires-25(SHSQ-25)was used for the assessment of suboptimal Health status.The subjects were divided into four groups by the results of SHSQ-25 based on quartiles.The five psychosocial work characteristics related dimensions of Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire(COPSOQ)were used for the assessment of psychosocial factors at work The first-order factor model was used to analyze the correlation among the five dimensions of COPSOQ.The second-order factor model was to establish the evaluating method of COPSOQ for comparing psychosocial work characteristics of medical staff in different health status.Ordinal logistic regression was performed to assess key determinants of suboptimal health status.Results There were strong correlation among the five dimensions of COPSOQ.And the second-order factor model fit well(RMSEA= 0.053)and then established two second-order factors:negative and positive psychosocial work factors.The score of negative psychosocial work factor were highest(P<0.01)and the score of positive psychosocial work factor was lowest(P<0.01)in suboptimal health group.Ordinal logistic regression used to determine the most effective predictor on grade of SHS showed that negative psychosocial work factor was the most associated factors to predict suboptimal health severity.Conclusion The second-order factor model was suitable method to evaluate COPSOQ.Among medical staff,the high score of negative and positive psychosocial work factors might be the risk and protective factor of suboptimal health respectively.Moreover,negative psychosocial work factor was the most associated factors to predict suboptimal health severity.