Over the past decade,rapid advances in genomics,proteomics and functional genomics technologies enable in-depth interrogation of cancer genomes and proteomes,and a large amount of molecular data,quickly accumulated from high-throughput studies,have enabled characterization of the kinome "at large" in human cancers.This provides crucial insights into how members of the protein kinase superfamily are dysregulated in malignancy,the context-dependent functional role of specific kinases in cancer and how kinome remodelling modulates sensitivity to anticancer drugs.