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A large body of behavioral studies suggests that abacus mental calculation may use visuospatial strategy.However, there are still few functional imaging results.We investigated an abacus expert with both visual and auditory addition tasks.The ERP results showed that abacus mental calculation involve more parietal-occipital areas, compared with our former results in normal people, that is, the increase of the task difficulty engage more phonological loop in Baddeleys working memory model.The fMRI activated brain areas include bilateral superior parietal cortices and bilateral supplemental motor areas.The combined results suggest the involvement of visuospatial sketchpad in abacus mental calculation.