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As a family of promising thermoelectric materials,the BiCuSeO oxyselenides have recently acquired ever-increasing attention thus being extensively studied.The figure of merit ZT of the BiCuSeO-based thermoelectrics was significantly increased from 0.5 to 1.4 in the past three years,which evidently indicates that BiCuSeO oxyselenides could be perspective candidates for energy conversion applications.Despite the fact that the ZT of BiCuSeO compounds were well above 1.0,there is still room to further improve thermoelectric peroformance of BiCuSeO based thermoelectrics.In this contribution,I will present our recent investigations on the BiCuSeO system by introducing all-scale manipulation of the structures to enhance the electrical conduction while reduce simultaneously the thermal conductivity.Our facial method based on partially substituting Bi3+ by Pd3+ results in a remarkably high power factor as of~10-3 Wm-1K-2 in the temperature range from 30 to 600 ℃,which allows us to optimize the BiCuSeO thermoelectrics to a high ZT up to~1.5 at 600 ℃.The strategic optimization of all-scale structures is envisaged to improve the thermoelectricity of BiCuSeO based thermoelectrics to much higher level in the foreseen future.