Objective To study effect mechanism of phytosterol esters on hypercholesterolemia animal model.Methods Hamsters were allotted to 7subgroups including control group, model group,five dose groups randomly by weight directly.Control group animals were fed normal diet; model group animals and five dose groups animals fed high fat food containing 0.2% (w/w) cholesterol and supplemented with 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 and 4.00g/kg BW phytosterol esters.After 12 weeks, blood was taken from hamsters to detect TC, TG, LDL-C and so on; The concentration of blood Apo A I, Apo B, Apo E ,ox-LDL and CETP were detected by ELISA methods, and expression of liver issue LDLR mRNA gene was tested by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR).Results Plasma TC、 LDL-C were significantly lower and showed dose response relationship in the groups fed phytosterol esters compared with model ,which was the same as Apo B of hamsters LDLR mRNAgene expression in the liver showed an inverse relationship with dietary phytosterol esters intake.Conclusions Dietary phytosterol esters lowered plasma TC, LDL-C, Apo B and increased LDLR mRNA gene expression.This study suggests the concept that the effect of lowering of Apo B and increasing of LDLR mRNA are one of mechanisms byf phytosterol esters.