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BACKGROUND/AIMS Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a treatment strategy for the acute and chronic kidney diseases induced renal failure. Nowadays, the researches are mostly focused on the experimental methods. Meta-analysis of recently small animal experiments of acute and chronic kidney diseases could provide significant clues to design large animal experiments and human clinical trials. METHODS A total of 24 studies published were analyzed, which were indexed from PubMed and Embase databases (up to Feb., 2012). All of data were analyzed using RevMan 5.1, STATA 11.0 and SPSS 17.0 software. Pooled analysis and multivariable meta-regression were calculated by random effects models. Heterogeneity and publication bias across the studies were also explored. RESULTS Pooled analysis showed a serum creatinine (Scr) reduction followed MSC therapy (95％ confidence interval 34.49μmol/L-51.55μmol/L, P<0.001, vs control). By exploratory multivariable meta-regression, significant influence factor of Scr reduction was route of cell delivery (p=0.01). Arterial delivery of MSCs caused more reduction of Scr and preserved impaired renal function better, when compared with the intra-renal delivery and intravenous injection. The subgroup analysis showed trend towards more reduction with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) model, compared with cisplatin induced toxic, glycerol induced toxic-ischemic and 5/6 nephrectomy induced chronic renal failure(CRF) animal models. Unexpectedly, high cell number of MSCs (≥2×106, range from 7.5x104 to 1.5x106 ) did not decrease the levels of Scr more than low cell number (＜2×106 dose, range from 2×106 to 9×106). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis confirmed that MSC therapy could improve the impaired renal function observed through Scr detection. And the date suggested that MSC therapy with arterial delivery route or with renal IRI experimental model achieved better effect, however, increase of the MSC dose could not elevate the treatment effect. This meta-analysis may provide much important clues for further animal experiments even human clinical trials in MSC study.