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短柄枹栎(Quercus serrata var.brevipetiolata)是壳斗科(Fagaceae)栎属(Quercus)植物枹栎(Quercus serrata)的变种。栎属植物是我国最早利用的野生木本粮食作物之一,利用历史已有万年以上。同时,栎属植物具有重要的药用价值,在《本草纲目》、《四库全书》等典籍中均有记载。现代研究表明,栎属植物的化学成分主要包括黄酮类、三萜类、鞣质类等,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗菌和抗病毒等药理作用。本课题组前期对短柄枹栎种子的活性成分进行了研究,研究生黄洁从其70%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯层中共分离得到34个单体化合物,其中三萜类化合物30个。本论文在课题组前期研究的基础上,综合运用多种现代色谱学分离方法和波谱学鉴定技术,对短柄枹栎种子的70%乙醇提取物正丁醇层的化学成分进行了系统的研究,共分离纯化并鉴定得到65个化合物,其中三萜类27个、茉莉酮酸酯类10个、糖苷类10个和其他类28个。分离鉴定的化合物分别为:(1)三萜类-(i齐墩果烷型)3,23-O-Butylidene-2α,3β,19α,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1*),3β,23-Dihydroxy-24-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2*),Arjunglucoside I(3),Arjunolic acid(4),2α,3β,19α,24-Tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(5),Sericoside(6),Paradrymonin(7),Trachelosperoside D-1(8),Arjunglucoside II(9),28-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-2α,3β,19α-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-24,28-dioic acid(10),Bellericaside B(11),2α,3β,16α,19α,23-Pentahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid-β-D-glucopyranoside(12),2α,3β,19α,23-Tetrahydroxy-11-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(13),Quadranoside III(14),Olean-12-en-28-oic acid-2α,19α,23-trihydroxy-3-{[O-(3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoyl)-β-Dglucopyranosyl]oxy]}-β-D-glucopyranoside(15);(ii乌苏烷型)23-O-Galloyl-2α,3β,19α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-Dglucopyranoside(16*),Asiatic acid(17),Niga-ichigosd F1(18),2α,3β,19α,24-Tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid-β-D-glucopyranoside(19),2α,3β,19α,23-Tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(20),6β,23-Dihydroxytormentic acid(21),3,23-O-Butylidene-2α,3β,19α,23-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acidβ-D-glucopyranoside(22),3-OGalloyl-2α,19α,23-hydroxytormentic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(23),Quadranoside VIII(24),2α,3β,23-Trihydroxyurs-12,18-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(25),2α,3β,23-Trihydroxyursa-12,19-dien-28-oic acidβ-D-glucopyranoside(26);(iii羽扇豆烷型)2α,3β,23-Trihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-Dglucopyranoside(27*);(2)茉莉酮酸酯类:(1S,2R-2-[(2′Z)-5-Hydroxy-2-penten-1-yl]-3-oxo-butyl ester(28*),Methyl{(1S,2S)-2-[5′-(β-D-glucopyransyloxy)-pent]cyclopentyl}-3-oxo-cyclopentaneacetate(29*),Methyl{(1S,2S,2′E)-2-[4′-(β-D-glucopyransyloxy)-pent-3′-enyl]cyclopentyl}-3-oxo-cyclopentaneacetate(30*),Methyl{(1S,2S,2′Z)-2-[4′-(β-D-Glucopyransyloxy)-pent-3′-enyl]cyclopentyl}-3-oxocyclopentaneacetate(31*),Methyl{(1S,2S,3′Z)-2-[2′-(β-Dglucopyransyloxy)-pent-3′-enyl]cyclopentyl}-3-oxo-cyclopentaneacetate(32*),β-D-Glucopyranosyl-1-[(1S,2R)-3-oxo-2-(2′Z)-2-penten-1-ylcyclopentanebutanoate](33),Methyl{(1R,2S,5′S)-3-(β-Dglucopyranosyloxy)-2-[(2′Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl}acete(34),Methyl{(1S,2S,2′Z)-2-[5′-(β-D-glucopyransyloxy)-pent-2′-enyl]cyclopentyl}-3-oxo-cyclopentaneacetate(35),4′(R)-Hydroxyjasmonic acid 4′-O-β-D-glucoside(36),(-)-5’-β-D-glucopyranosyloxyjasmonic acid(37);(3)糖苷类:Isopentyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1-6)-α-Larabinopyranosyl(38*),2-[β-D-Glucopyranosyl(1-6)-α-Larabinopyranosyl]-pentane(39*),n-Butyl-O-β-D-fructopyranoside(40),Isopentyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(41),2-Phenylethyl-β-Dglucopyranoside(42),2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1S)-phenylethylene glycol(43),2-Phenemyl-8-O-(6′-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl)-β-Dglucopyranoside(44),Viridoside(45),1-O-(9Z-2Z-15ZOctadecatrienoyl-3-O-[α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-Dgalactopyranosyl]glycerol(46),1-O-(9Z-12Z-Octadecatrienoyl-3-O-[α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl]glycerol(47),(4)其他类:ent-7β,16β,17-Tetrahydroxykauran-19-oic acid-17-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(48*),β-Paucosterol(49),β-Stigmasterol(50),Phellodendric acid A(51),Butylmethyl succinate(52),(-)-Clovane-2,9-diol(53),Brevifolin(54),β-Sitiosterol(55),α-Cadinol(56),Aromadendra-4β,10α-diol(57),Junipediol(58),(25S)-5β-Spirostan-3β-ol-3-O-α-Lrhamnopyranoside(59),5-Hydroxymethylfurfural(60),Phenylglycol(61),3,4-Hydroxypyrrolidine acid-1-carboxylate(62),4-(5-Oxopyrrolidin-2-carbonyl)butanoicacid(63),1,2,6-tri-O-Galloyl-β-D-glucose(64),3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methoxypropane-1,2-diol(65)。其中,化合物1、2、16、27、28-32、38、39、48为12个新化合物(编号后标有*)。对从短柄枹栎种子中分离纯化的部分化合物进行了体外抗神经炎症活性测试。与阳性药吲哚美辛(IC50 34.81±8.798μmol/L)相比,化合物4、5、9、13、14、16、18、23、24、26、27对LPS诱导的BV-2细胞释放NO表现出较好的抑制作用(IC50在12.44-27.05μmol/L之间),显示出较强的抗神经炎症活性。