Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation cures aplastic anemia and has been made the treatment of choice for young patients who have suitable stem cell donors,whereas immunosuppressive therapy is the first- line treatment for most patients without suitable donors [1].　　Antithymocyte globulin has been the standard immunosuppressive regimen for aplastic anemia for many years and has demonstrated a 40-50％ response rate when used alone [1,2] and a 60-70％ response rate when combined with cyclosporine [3] with 35％ relapse rate and the development of clonal diseases a significant problem to responders [4,5].　　This paper reports a case of a child with acquired aplastic anemia managed with pig Antithymocyte globulin (p-ATG) and a review of literature on the effectiveness in clinical use of Antithymocyte globulin either as a monotherapy or in combination therapy with cyclosporine including or excluding human hematopoietic growth factors for the management of acquired aplastic anemia in children.