引进‘北字号’酒葡萄综合技术研究

来源 :广西大学 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:koel
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本试验主要进行了四个方面的研究:一、广西野生毛葡萄扦插育苗研究;二、‘北字号’酒葡萄架式及修剪对葡萄产量和品质的影响;三、催芽剂对‘北字号’酒葡萄生长的影响;四、蚯蚓对土壤营养、‘北字号’酒葡萄根系、植株营养和果实品质的影响;试验目的是以广西野生毛葡萄为砧木,引进‘北字号’酒葡萄做接穗品种,采取综合配套技术措施,提高‘北字号’酒葡萄含糖量及质量,研究出能够生产最佳葡萄酒的综合管理技术。主要结论如下:   1、药剂处理能提高野生毛葡萄枝条扦插生根率和成活率,以IBA(150mg/L)处理效果最好,生根率达70.18%。   2、棚篱架的净光合速率比篱架高,棚篱架的果实产量和品质显著好于篱架,棚篱架的果实亩产量、可溶固形物含量、可溶性糖、单宁的含量分别为2371.19kg、13.5%、12.67%、1.33ug/ml;比篱架分别高出22.6%、9.8%、12.8%、47.8%。   3、‘北字号’酒葡萄经催芽剂处理,萌芽时间明显提前8天,萌芽率(74.11%)显著提高,而且还影响葡萄枝梢和果穗的生长。   4、扭梢和摘心均能提高‘北字号’酒葡萄的坐果率,扭梢、摘心、对照的坐果率分别为84.27%、69.52%、58.56%,以扭梢效果最为显著。   5、蚯蚓对土壤有明显的改良作用,蚯蚓粪是一种优质的生物有机肥。试验证明果园养蚯蚓是一种可行性较强的施肥方式。   6、蚯蚓粪与牛粪和土相比,能显著诱导新根生长,增加新根的生物生长量。蚯蚓粪与其它两个处理相比,根系鲜重是牛粪的1.60倍,是土的2.84倍;并且蚯蚓粪能明显改良根系生长的微环境。   7、穴养蚯蚓和其它两个处理相比,能显著提高叶片的N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量。   8、穴养蚯蚓可提高‘北字号’酒葡萄的产量和果实品质。穴养蚯蚓平均单株产量为6.21kg,比牛粪和对照分别高出16.7%和28.6%,同时还提高果实含糖量,降低果实酸度,大大增加果品的经济价值。
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