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将汉语方言在影、疑母的读音表现上,分为四种型态。一、国语型(零声母完成型)。二、赣、湘语型(新生声母型),影、疑母开口呼合流并新生一舌根η-声母型。就疑母而言,此音变属于回头演变的现象。三、粤语变动型,影母大体仍维持零声母,而疑母在不同元音前,有不同程度的保留或脱落情况,而吴语的苏州、温州也可以归在此一变动型态中。四、闽语型(宋代保守型),影母读为零声母?-;疑母保持读舌根η-鼻音。其中,我们从粤语变动型的影母层,可看出赣、湘语型与粤语变动型,确实是不同音层,并可间接证明赣、湘语型的疑母的舌根η声母为新生,而非旧有形式的保留。而江西一北一南的赣语与客语正呈现了两种型态,北方的赣语是赣、湘语型,是官话型的再演变;而南部的客语与梅县客语相同,都是闽语型。当我们眼光从国语开始扩大至其他官话区时,也可以看到这个赣、湘语型新生声母的表现。无独有偶,我们也可在19世纪中后期,英国人威妥玛记录北京话口语音系的《语言自迩集》里,看到今国语读为零声母的开口字,在书中都有一个ng又读(以小写标示在上方),可见得赣、湘语型的音读早有依据。
The Chinese dialects in the shadow, suspect pronunciation performance, is divided into four types. First, the Mandarin type (zero consonant complete type). Second, Jiangxi, Xiang language type (nascent consonants), shadow, suspect opening clues and a new tongue base η-initial type. As far as the suspect is concerned, this tone change belongs to the phenomenon of evolving. Third, the Cantonese change type, the shadowmistress still maintains zero consonant, while the suspect in different vowels, there are different degrees of retention or shedding situation, while the Wu language Suzhou, Wenzhou can also be attributed to this type of change. Fourth, Min-type (conservative style of the Song Dynasty), shadow mother read zero consonant? -; suspect to keep reading tongue root nasal nasal. Among them, we can see from Cantonese-changing shadow layer, Gan, Xiang and Cantonese changes in type, is indeed a different sound layer, and can indirectly prove that the Gan and Xiang language suspects tongue base consonant natal, rather than Old form of reservation. However, there are two types of Gan language and Hakka language in the north and south of Jiangxi. The Gan dialect in the north is Gan and Xiang dialects and is the re-evolution of the official dialect. The southern Hakka language is the same as that of the Meixian language Min language type. When our eyes start to expand from Mandarin to other Mandarin areas, we can also see the performance of the initial consonants of Gan and Xiang languages. Coincidentally, we can see in the middle of the 19th century that Britannic Wotoma recorded the spoken language of Beijing dialect, Read again (lower case marked at the top), we can see Gan, Xiang language type of tone has long been based on.