本文将贾湖遗址墓葬资料与居址材料结合起来,并与民族学材料对比,尝试从性别考古学的角度对反映的社会习俗与性别之间的关及其社会生活作初步探讨和合理解释。以期在前人研究基础上,在处理考古材料时引入性别考古这一视角,对方法论做进一步的探讨。经过讨论,大致可以认为,经济结构的变化导致贾湖时期出现了基於性别的劳动分工,并且随着时间的推移愈加明显;男女所从事工作的不同甚至反映在墓葬中男女骨关节炎患病率的悬殊差異上。并推测贾湖人中很可能存在杀女婴的风俗,集中埋葬的瓮棺葬可能包含了较多的被杀的女婴;同时贾湖人中还有猎头习俗,反映在遗址中为缺头葬。而贾湖时期的婚姻形态极不稳定,处於对偶婚阶段,尚未形成稳定的一夫一妻制。 This article will be Jiahu ruins burial data and site materials together, and ethnological materials and contrast, try to argue from the perspective of gender and social customs and social customs of the community to make a preliminary study and reasonable explanation. Based on the previous studies, we will further discuss the methodology by introducing the perspective of gender archeology when dealing with archeological materials. After discussion, it can be generally considered that the change of economic structure led to the gender-based division of labor in Jiahu period and became more and more obvious with the passage of time. The differences in the work performed by men and women were even reflected in the prevalence of osteoarthritis among men and women Disparities on the differences. It is speculated that there may be a custom of killing the baby girl among the Jiahu people. The burial urn coffin may contain more killed baby girls. At the same time, Jiahu people still have the practice of headhunter, which is reflected in the ruins as a headless burial. The Jiahu period, the form of marriage is extremely unstable, in the stage of marriage, has not yet formed a stable monogamy.