Abbreviation refers to a shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase used in place of the whole. It’s becoming a common linguistic feature. In Chinese and Japanese language in particular, there is a large number of abbreviations. As the rapid development of science, technology, society, economy and culture, the request of abbreviation has been generated in response to information society. With the use of high frequency, Abbreviation has become an indispensable part in the exchange of information in modern society. Abbreviation is a major part of word-building, and also an important direction in research on vocabulary development. This paper focuses on the abbreviation between Chinese and Japanese languages with the main use of theory of contrastive linguistics and pragmatics. In the first part, there are the definition, category and sort of the abbreviation in the Chinese and Japanese languages; the second part attaches the specific examples to detailed analysis; the third part focuses on the quality, constitution and standard of the abbreviation. The purpose of this paper was to use abbreviation properly through the research on the sameness and differentia between the Chinese and Japanese languages in abbreviation respect.