FSH plays a major role in the submature follicles, especially in granulosa cells. In addition, the state of granulosa cells determines the fate of follicles. MiRNAs were found to regulate the process of primordial follicles getting to mature. The experiment explores the relationship between GCs’ apoptosis and follicular atresia, and whether there will be differences in miRNA’s expression in FSH-mediated chicken granulosa cells in order to provide useful clues for hen breeding.In our study, GCs from small yellow follicles were treated with lOng/ml FSH. The supernatant of GCs was collected for progesterone determination by standard radioimmunoassay(RIA) at 0h、12h、24h、36h and 48h post FSH treatment respectively. At 36 hours, GCs with or without FSH were collected for flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis, qRT-PCR detection of Caspase-3 mRNA expression to determine the granulosa cell culture model. The following part included main results:1. The point time for FSH treatment was 36h.2. FSH could reduce apoptosis in chicken granulosa cells (P<0.05).3. The profile of Caspase-3 mRNA expression by qRT-PCR further determined that FSH could inhibit granulosa cell apoptosis (P<0.05).To clarify the roles of miRNAs in the FSH regulation of ovarian performance, we investigated miRNA expression patterns in identification of differently expressed miRNAs between FSH-mediated and ITS cultured GCs (the control group) by high-throughput sequencing technology, qRT-PCR and bioinformatic analysis. The followings were main findings:1. The high throughput sequencing assay was performed to evaluate the expressional profile of 791 known Gallus Gallus miRNAs (miRBase 18.0). The analysis revealed 85 differently expressed miRNAs (fold change>0.5 and P<0.001) in FSH-mediated GCs significantly.73 known miRNAs and 12 novel miRNAs were predicted by miRDeep.10 miRNAs were mapped within other species in these 12 novel miRNAs, which were homologous conserved.2. In these 85 miRNAs, let-7 family (let-7a-1/2/3, let-7c, let-7d, let-7f, let-7g, let-7j, let-7i, let-7k), mir-130/301 family (mir-130a, mir-130b, mir-130c, mir-301a, mir-301b) and mir-133 family (mir-133a-1, mir-133a-2, mir-133b, mir-133c) were the most differently expressed. And gga-mir-130a, gga-mir-190 and gga-mir-133a-1 were the most obviously down-regulated miRNAs in FSH-mediated GCs.3. The qRT-PCR results for gga-mir-130a, gga-mir-190, gga-mir-133a-1 and gga-mir-30b were consistent with high-throughput sequencing results.