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为什么辛亥革命成功地推翻了清政府、终结了中国两千年封建君主专制,却没有成功建立起一个民主与宪政的共和国?本文试图提出一项新的理论解释:政治转型的起点会影响转型的任务、路径与结果;当民主转型与国家构建或国家重建同时进行时,国家构建或国家重建通常具有政治上的优先性;国家重建的核心是政治统一,而政治统一的核心是垄断暴力,因而控制最强组织化暴力的政治集团将成为国家重建的领导力量;如果以非民主方式组织的政治集团能控制更强的组织化暴力,国家重建的过程就会对民主转型过程形成压制;国家重建的成功,往往意味着民主转型的失败。简而言之,“国家重建压倒民主转型”。
Why did the Revolution of 1911 successfully overthrow the Qing government and put an end to the two-year monarchy of feudal monarchy in China, but failed to establish a democratic and constitutional republic successfully? This article attempts to propose a new theoretical explanation: the starting point of political transition will affect the task of transition , Path and result. When the democratic transition is carried out simultaneously with national reconstruction or national reconstruction, national reconstruction or reconstruction usually has political priority. The core of national reconstruction is political unification. The core of political unification is monopolistic violence, so the control The most organized and violent political blocs will be the leaders of national reconstruction; if the democratically organized political blocs can control more organized violence, the process of national reconstruction will suppress the democratic transition process; and the state-rebuilt Success often means the failure of a democratic transition. In short, “the reconstruction of the country overwhelms the democratic transformation.”