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司法三段论的小前提是案件的法律事实。小前提的建构即是法律事实的形成过程。这个过程要完成两个转换:一是由生活事实向案件事实的转换;一是由案件事实向法律事实的转换。“两个转换”不是单一进行的,而是同步进行的。涵摄是法律事实形成的关键环节,它是连接案件事实与法律构成要件的桥梁。通过涵摄,事实向规范拉近,规范向事实拉近。进而判断案件事实与规范构成要件相互符合性的程度。如果二者一致或基本一致,则法律事实得到确认,即一个与法律规范相适应的、符合确定法效果的三段论要求的小前提得以形成。在这个过程中,价值判断是极为重要的因素。
The small premise of judicial syllogism is the legal fact of the case. The construction of small premises is the formation of legal facts. This process must be completed two conversions: First, from the fact of life to the conversion of the facts of the case; first, from the facts of the case to the legal conversion. “Two Transformation ” is not a single, but synchronized. Culmination is a key aspect of the formation of legal facts, and it is a bridge connecting the facts of the case and the elements of the law. Through culvert photography, the facts are closer to the norm and the norm is closer to the facts. And then determine the degree of conformity between the facts of the case and the elements of the norms. If the two are identical or almost identical, then the legal facts are confirmed, that is, a small premise that meets the requirements of syllogism consistent with legal norms and meets the requirements of the law of certainty. In this process, value judgments are extremely important factors.