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工业化必然带来城市化,在一个正处于农业社会向工业社会转型时期的国家里,大量农地转为城市建设用地、大量农民失去原先耕作的土地是不可避免的现象。失地对于农民来说本不应当是坏事,因为它给农民提供了告别传统生活方式、进入城市社会和分享现代文明的契机。然而,令人遗憾的是,我国目前数以千万计的失地农民却沦为务农无田、务工无岗、社保无份的边缘化群体。之所以出现这种状况,原因并不在城市化本身,而是多种制度、多重因素共同作用的结果。现行的农地征用制度、农地产权制度、社会保障制度的缺陷,以及政府职能错位和农民维权组织缺失等,都是造成这一社会问题的根源。
Industrialization will inevitably bring about urbanization. In a country that is in the transition from an agrarian society to an industrial society, a large number of agricultural land will be converted into urban construction land. It is inevitable for a large number of farmers to lose their previously cultivated land. Land-losing should not be a bad thing for peasants because it gives peasants an opportunity to say goodbye to traditional lifestyles, enter urban society and share modern civilization. However, it is regrettable that tens of millions of landless peasants in our country have now become the marginalized groups that have no land for farming, no jobs and no social security. The reason why this situation occurs is not the result of urbanization itself, but of multiple systems and multiple factors. The current farmland acquisition system, the farmland property rights system, the social security system defects, as well as the dislocation of government functions and the loss of farmers’ rights organizations are the root causes of this social problem.