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以PM2.5为主要诱因的灰霾污染对我国城市居民的身心健康构成了日益严重的威胁。国内外对PM2.5浓度分布的相关研究表明,在城市居住区等中、小尺度景观上普遍存在着PM2.5浓度分布的不均匀现象。造成这种不均匀现象的主要原因包括:城市居住区景观格局的不同、机动车道等污染源的不均匀分布、建筑布局方式的差异、绿地率的大小以及绿地植物群落构成的优劣等。在城市居住区规划的选址、居住区景观格局的总体规划、住宅建筑与绿地等开放空间的结合设计、居住区道路网的布局、最佳绿地率的确定以及建筑高度安排等方面遵循若干设计导则,可改善其微环境、减少居民的PM2.5暴露。
Haze contamination, with PM2.5 as the main cause, poses an increasingly serious threat to the physical and mental health of urban residents in China. The correlation analysis of PM2.5 concentration distribution at home and abroad shows that in the urban residential area, the uneven distribution of PM2.5 concentration exists universally in small-scale landscape. The main causes of this nonuniformity include: different landscape pattern of urban residential area, uneven distribution of motorway and other pollution sources, differences in the layout of buildings, the rate of green space and the advantages and disadvantages of green plant community composition. In the urban residential planning of the site layout, the general layout of the residential landscape pattern, residential buildings and green space and other open space design, layout of the residential road network, to determine the optimal green rate and building height arrangement to follow a number of design Guidelines can improve their microenvironment and reduce residents’ PM2.5 exposure.