官话是明清时期使用的汉民族共同语,它与现代汉语共同语有着密切的关系。中国传统语文学研究重视书面语而忽视口语,因此,汉语历史文献中缺乏对官话的语音面貌、社会使用情况的记载。西方人来华并开始学习汉语时,出于实际交流的需要,对这种能让他们免受方言殊异之苦的共同语十分关注,他们的汉语论著中对于官话的描写和记载,能为汉语史研究者认识汉语官话提供有益的参考。 Mandarin is the Han nationality common language used in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has a close relationship with the common language of modern Chinese. Chinese traditional linguistics studies focus on written language while neglecting spoken language. Therefore, the Chinese historical literature lacks records on the phonetic features and social usage of Mandarin. When Westerners come to China and begin to learn Chinese, they are very concerned about the common language that can make them free from the dialect differences because of the need of actual exchange. The description and recording of the Mandarin in their Chinese writings can be Chinese history researchers to understand Chinese Mandarin provide useful reference.