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为提高烟叶质量,彰显烟叶特色风格,提高烟叶的安全性和工业可用性,2013-2014年在昭通市鲁甸县进行了绿色烟叶生产试验示范。结果表明,绿色烟叶生产中施用有机肥或有机无机复混肥,减少了化肥的施用,有利于烟叶的成熟落黄。与常规烟叶相比,绿色烟叶上部烟叶的烟碱含量降低,化学成分更为协调,中、上部烟叶的杂气略轻、浓度稍浓、刺激性略小,感官质量整体表现更好。绿色烟叶生产中实施绿色防控技术可以有效降低烟草普通花叶病(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)、烟草马铃薯Y病毒病(Potato virus Y,PVY)等病害的发病率,控制蚜虫、斜纹夜蛾等虫害的发生,减少化学农药的施用量,避免农药残留的发生,提高烟叶安全性,有利于昭通烤烟生产持续健康的发展。
In order to improve the quality of tobacco leaves, highlight the characteristics of tobacco leaves and improve the safety and industrial availability of tobacco leaves, a demonstration demonstration of green tobacco leaf production was carried out in Ludian County, Zhaotong City from 2013 to 2014. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer or organic-inorganic compound fertilizer in the production of green tobacco leaves reduced the application of chemical fertilizers and was conducive to the ripe yellowing of tobacco leaves. Compared with conventional tobacco leaves, the nicotine content of tobacco leaves in the upper part of green tobacco leaves decreased, the chemical components were more coordinated, the gas in middle and upper tobacco leaves was slightly lighter, the concentration was slightly thicker, the irritation slightly smaller, and the overall sensory quality was better. The implementation of green control technology in the production of green tobacco leaves can effectively reduce the incidence of Tobacco mosaic virus (Tobacco mosaic virus, Tobacco Potato virus Y, PVY) and other diseases, and control aphids, Spodoptera litura The occurrence of pests, reducing the application of chemical pesticides, to avoid the occurrence of pesticide residues and improve the safety of tobacco is conducive to the sustainable and healthy development of tobacco production Zhaotong.