论文部分内容阅读
Abstract：“Non-mainstream” is a major part of animation art，and it has significant differences with mainstream animation while it has an extensive influence on the development trend of animation art. Chinese animation industry started relatively late. After development and reform for a long time，non-mainstream animation regains popularity among people and it establishes relatively individual category in art field. This paper analyzes the development trend of non-mainstream animation，reviews art characteristics of Chinese non-mainstream animation art and puts forwards scientific advice for the future development of non-mainstream animation.
Key Words：China;Non-mainstream Animation;Art Characteristics;Prospects
中图分类号：G633.2 文献标识码：A
That non-mainstream animation steps into the era of development is based on artistic reform that relies on western non-mainstream animation，and animation art patterns with Chinese characteristics have formed. Because non-mainstream is at development age，so domestic art creation needs feel non-mainstream characteristics from many aspects to put forward practical practice for the development future animation industry. Animation art development in our country should base on local cultural characteristics，drew lessons from western non-mainstream creation concept and develop animation forms with Chinese art characteristics，so it can promote sustainable development of Chinese local animation.
一、Chinese Non-mainstream Animation
In the early 1930s，when animation production started to break away from individual creation and brought mass-production business model with capital as its link，Walt Disney used celluloid to take shots with multi-level backgrounds with stories of stereotypes as their main content that were all defined as “ mainstream animation”. Comparing mainstream animation，Animation creation ways with other styles，forms and techniques are pushed forward into the position of non-mainstream animation. Along with the continuous development of human society culture，non-mainstream becomes more and more accepted by people and it lays development foundation for non-mainstream animation. For China，we usually call this kind of non-mainstream animation habitually animation art short film which essentially belongs to the category of art and culture.
二、Non-mainstream Animation Art Characteristics
That non-mainstream culture develops relatively late in China depends on our traditional historical and cultural elements. Many people did not accept innovative culture elements，and non-mainstream at the beginning，so mainstream animation has dominated animation industry for a long time. As time goes on，people’ awareness of non-mainstream culture becomes promoted，non-mainstream animation begins to have widespread influence in the field of Chinese art，and commercial field begin to research the new thing. Its influence is expanding so gradually that people go on further research on non-mainstream animation art. For now，Chinese non-mainstream animation art feature： 1. Brevity. The most outstanding characteristic of non-mainstream animation is “brevity”. To express a theme through brief animation material realizes the breakthrough of animation art creation and expresses the whole art concept within a short time. Chinese non-mainstream animation also share the characteristic of brevity，and this kind of brevity is mainly embodied in the whole process of animation display that it expresses out the main idea within the shortest time. So it needs creators not put more energy on telling stories but express rich feelings and complicated thoughts within limited time.
2. Peculiarity. Creators bring accomplishment and experiences into the creation of short films. They highly summarize the themes and contents，convey delicate emotions through smooth lens，work out mood swings through unique composition and colors and accomplish the portrait of mind with detailed process. China has such a long history with thousands of years’ culture that Chinese animation art owes distinct Chinese characteristics that are more connected with traditional nation culture. Therefore，most themes of non-mainstream animation are from national art which can maintain mutual accommodation with national creation.
3. Subjectivity. That non-mainstream animation pays more attention to personal ideas’ full expression in animation creation is different from the collective work mainstream animation，which reflects individual subjective consciousness of self-expression. Chinese non-mainstream animation has a broader and more freely personal space and provides various subjective platforms for animation fans. It put more emphasis on independence，design and shot to compete the works，so this kind of animation is also of more independence and originality. Subjective consciousness reflects personalized characteristic of animation art and expresses the link with artistic thinking.
4. Innovativeness. Because of the freedom in time and space of non-mainstream animation，many creators have been not satisfied with the general performances of animation. With the development of society and people’s constant exploration，what presents before us is colorful animated short. Only does Chinese non-mainstream animation stick to innovativeness，it can reflect the artistic value of animation works，so it can provide development direction conforming to actual demand for Chinese animation industry and promote fusion between domestic animation and foreign animation. 三、Future Development Trend of Non-mainstream AnimationReviewing the change course of Chinese non-mainstream animation，its era characteristics becomes more obvious that artistic creation must insist on advancing with time to regain a wider range of identity. Future non-mainstream animation must develop in diversity that shows the universality of animation and art space as well as diversity of animation creation. The author believes that future Chinese non-mainstream animation should seize “ideas，content，technology”，etc. several core elements.
1. Creative Thoughts. Non-mainstream animation and mainstream animation are very different in creative thoughts and styles. Future Chinese non-mainstream animation must adhere to correct way of thinking to reflect the subjectivity of animation art and realize sustainable development of animation industry. Some of these works are the result of individual autobiographical memories，some are secular criticism on standard value，some show dissatisfaction with social malpractices and others represent all kinds of opinions on modern art.
2. Animation Content. Through these unique and novel contents，creators’ rational and irrational world can be portrayed and shown in front of the public. For instance，in the animation puppet film《Hands》，the Czech puppet master Jerry.Chuanka is not constrained by puppet’s body language but uses subjective lens properly to show the complex obey and obeyed relationship between hands and puppet characteristics. The short films reflect that many people’s existence is only a puppet in metaphor，and they do what they may not like under the drive of intangible “hands”.
3. Production Technology. Computer technology is the main platform of animation production. More rich animation art forms can be presented by using dynamic models and artificial intelligence. At present，3d technology is an advanced technology in film and television production，and it has been widely used in non-mainstream animation production，which marks a new era of Chinese non-mainstream animation. What’s more，to solve western animation technology will also have influence on local animation，so high technology will be a main trend of non-mainstream animation art.
Lack of connotation and depth. As main creation group，the students are characterized by strong sensibilities and emotional leakage，so they always pay more attention to audio-visual development，which is coincide with the fact that China’s animation is committed to form development for a long time. After entering into a new era，the breakthrough of China’ experimental animation to original animation is the diverse forms. As attempts to new materials and techniques for clay animation，sand animation，prints animation and others have never stopped. At present，there are three characteristics of creative groups and works of China’ experimental animation.
Short creative career. At present，most of the creators of our experimental animation are college students or teachers，and especially the students account for the vast majority. However，there are few students who still stick to animation creation after graduation. From the competition works of recent two years，it can be seen that most of the authors of experimental animation are students，while authors of commercial non-mainstream animations are TV stations or animation companies. It is not hard to imagine that these students’ experimental career comes to an end temporarily when they step into TV stations and animation companies.
Overall，China’s non-mainstream animation is colorful，and both commercial and non-commercial works are not lack. However，it can be found that this diverse pattern is not normal，which is mainly because non-commercial experimental animation does not form real and professional creative groups. In other words，group with the purpose of keeping the long-term or whole-life academic value of animation alomost does not exist.
Conclusion
Animation industry is one of models of modern art，and it regains public recognition by its unique artistic expressions. With development of the world’s cultural integration，Chinese animation industry becomes being influenced by foreign animation industry，and it is changing from traditional animation to non-mainstream animation. Comparing with mainstream animation，non-mainstream animation has various art characteristics and has influences on the development of animation industry busing a variety of elements. Therefore，to master the art characteristics of Chinese non-mainstream animation is not only in coincidence with art form with Chinese characteristics but also provides guidance for future development of non-mainstream animation.
References：
[1] Zhang Yanhui，Wang Chen. Analysis on Chinese Short Story Building [J]. Movie Literature，2008（13）.
Key Words：China;Non-mainstream Animation;Art Characteristics;Prospects
中图分类号：G633.2 文献标识码：A
That non-mainstream animation steps into the era of development is based on artistic reform that relies on western non-mainstream animation，and animation art patterns with Chinese characteristics have formed. Because non-mainstream is at development age，so domestic art creation needs feel non-mainstream characteristics from many aspects to put forward practical practice for the development future animation industry. Animation art development in our country should base on local cultural characteristics，drew lessons from western non-mainstream creation concept and develop animation forms with Chinese art characteristics，so it can promote sustainable development of Chinese local animation.
一、Chinese Non-mainstream Animation
In the early 1930s，when animation production started to break away from individual creation and brought mass-production business model with capital as its link，Walt Disney used celluloid to take shots with multi-level backgrounds with stories of stereotypes as their main content that were all defined as “ mainstream animation”. Comparing mainstream animation，Animation creation ways with other styles，forms and techniques are pushed forward into the position of non-mainstream animation. Along with the continuous development of human society culture，non-mainstream becomes more and more accepted by people and it lays development foundation for non-mainstream animation. For China，we usually call this kind of non-mainstream animation habitually animation art short film which essentially belongs to the category of art and culture.
二、Non-mainstream Animation Art Characteristics
That non-mainstream culture develops relatively late in China depends on our traditional historical and cultural elements. Many people did not accept innovative culture elements，and non-mainstream at the beginning，so mainstream animation has dominated animation industry for a long time. As time goes on，people’ awareness of non-mainstream culture becomes promoted，non-mainstream animation begins to have widespread influence in the field of Chinese art，and commercial field begin to research the new thing. Its influence is expanding so gradually that people go on further research on non-mainstream animation art. For now，Chinese non-mainstream animation art feature： 1. Brevity. The most outstanding characteristic of non-mainstream animation is “brevity”. To express a theme through brief animation material realizes the breakthrough of animation art creation and expresses the whole art concept within a short time. Chinese non-mainstream animation also share the characteristic of brevity，and this kind of brevity is mainly embodied in the whole process of animation display that it expresses out the main idea within the shortest time. So it needs creators not put more energy on telling stories but express rich feelings and complicated thoughts within limited time.
2. Peculiarity. Creators bring accomplishment and experiences into the creation of short films. They highly summarize the themes and contents，convey delicate emotions through smooth lens，work out mood swings through unique composition and colors and accomplish the portrait of mind with detailed process. China has such a long history with thousands of years’ culture that Chinese animation art owes distinct Chinese characteristics that are more connected with traditional nation culture. Therefore，most themes of non-mainstream animation are from national art which can maintain mutual accommodation with national creation.
3. Subjectivity. That non-mainstream animation pays more attention to personal ideas’ full expression in animation creation is different from the collective work mainstream animation，which reflects individual subjective consciousness of self-expression. Chinese non-mainstream animation has a broader and more freely personal space and provides various subjective platforms for animation fans. It put more emphasis on independence，design and shot to compete the works，so this kind of animation is also of more independence and originality. Subjective consciousness reflects personalized characteristic of animation art and expresses the link with artistic thinking.
4. Innovativeness. Because of the freedom in time and space of non-mainstream animation，many creators have been not satisfied with the general performances of animation. With the development of society and people’s constant exploration，what presents before us is colorful animated short. Only does Chinese non-mainstream animation stick to innovativeness，it can reflect the artistic value of animation works，so it can provide development direction conforming to actual demand for Chinese animation industry and promote fusion between domestic animation and foreign animation. 三、Future Development Trend of Non-mainstream AnimationReviewing the change course of Chinese non-mainstream animation，its era characteristics becomes more obvious that artistic creation must insist on advancing with time to regain a wider range of identity. Future non-mainstream animation must develop in diversity that shows the universality of animation and art space as well as diversity of animation creation. The author believes that future Chinese non-mainstream animation should seize “ideas，content，technology”，etc. several core elements.
1. Creative Thoughts. Non-mainstream animation and mainstream animation are very different in creative thoughts and styles. Future Chinese non-mainstream animation must adhere to correct way of thinking to reflect the subjectivity of animation art and realize sustainable development of animation industry. Some of these works are the result of individual autobiographical memories，some are secular criticism on standard value，some show dissatisfaction with social malpractices and others represent all kinds of opinions on modern art.
2. Animation Content. Through these unique and novel contents，creators’ rational and irrational world can be portrayed and shown in front of the public. For instance，in the animation puppet film《Hands》，the Czech puppet master Jerry.Chuanka is not constrained by puppet’s body language but uses subjective lens properly to show the complex obey and obeyed relationship between hands and puppet characteristics. The short films reflect that many people’s existence is only a puppet in metaphor，and they do what they may not like under the drive of intangible “hands”.
3. Production Technology. Computer technology is the main platform of animation production. More rich animation art forms can be presented by using dynamic models and artificial intelligence. At present，3d technology is an advanced technology in film and television production，and it has been widely used in non-mainstream animation production，which marks a new era of Chinese non-mainstream animation. What’s more，to solve western animation technology will also have influence on local animation，so high technology will be a main trend of non-mainstream animation art.
Lack of connotation and depth. As main creation group，the students are characterized by strong sensibilities and emotional leakage，so they always pay more attention to audio-visual development，which is coincide with the fact that China’s animation is committed to form development for a long time. After entering into a new era，the breakthrough of China’ experimental animation to original animation is the diverse forms. As attempts to new materials and techniques for clay animation，sand animation，prints animation and others have never stopped. At present，there are three characteristics of creative groups and works of China’ experimental animation.
Short creative career. At present，most of the creators of our experimental animation are college students or teachers，and especially the students account for the vast majority. However，there are few students who still stick to animation creation after graduation. From the competition works of recent two years，it can be seen that most of the authors of experimental animation are students，while authors of commercial non-mainstream animations are TV stations or animation companies. It is not hard to imagine that these students’ experimental career comes to an end temporarily when they step into TV stations and animation companies.
Overall，China’s non-mainstream animation is colorful，and both commercial and non-commercial works are not lack. However，it can be found that this diverse pattern is not normal，which is mainly because non-commercial experimental animation does not form real and professional creative groups. In other words，group with the purpose of keeping the long-term or whole-life academic value of animation alomost does not exist.
Conclusion
Animation industry is one of models of modern art，and it regains public recognition by its unique artistic expressions. With development of the world’s cultural integration，Chinese animation industry becomes being influenced by foreign animation industry，and it is changing from traditional animation to non-mainstream animation. Comparing with mainstream animation，non-mainstream animation has various art characteristics and has influences on the development of animation industry busing a variety of elements. Therefore，to master the art characteristics of Chinese non-mainstream animation is not only in coincidence with art form with Chinese characteristics but also provides guidance for future development of non-mainstream animation.
References：
[1] Zhang Yanhui，Wang Chen. Analysis on Chinese Short Story Building [J]. Movie Literature，2008（13）.