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对装载机前车架进行有限元分析与优化的关键是准确无误地确定其工作载荷。根据前车架与工作装置的静定连接关系,提出一种等效结构法,高效可靠地计算了各工况前车架承受的载荷。而后对前车架结构进行有限元分析,得出了15种工况下的变形和应力分布,其特点是:车架上半部应力和变形较大,复合应力最大点出现在如下部位:两侧翼箱与后背板交接处、前额板与翼箱内部侧板交接处和后车架铰接处;偏载工况最大复合应力较对应的正载工况增大百分之二十左右。最后再通过采用导重法进行结构优化,使所有工况最大复合应力从399MPa下降到218MPa,结构总质量下降11.45%,圆满完成了厂方提出的优化设计降重5%以上的要求。
The key to finite element analysis and optimization of the loader front frame is to accurately determine its working load. According to the static connection relationship between the front frame and the working device, an equivalent structure method is proposed to calculate the load on the front frame of each working condition efficiently and reliably. After that, the finite element analysis of the front frame structure was carried out, and the deformation and stress distribution under 15 kinds of working conditions were obtained. The characteristics of the frame were as follows: the stress and deformation of the upper half of the frame were large, and the maximum point of composite stress appeared in the following positions: Wing box and the rear panel at the junction of the forehead plate and the wing box interior side of the junction and the rear frame hinge; partial load conditions maximum composite stress than the corresponding normal load conditions increased by about 20%. Finally, the structure optimization by adopting the guide-and-guide method reduced the maximum composite stress in all conditions from 399 MPa to 218 MPa, and the total mass of the structure decreased by 11.45%. The requirements of the plant for the optimal design of 5% weight reduction were satisfactorily fulfilled.