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目的调查北京市社区女性居民对肿瘤危险因素以及乳腺癌的认知情况,为在社区开展肿瘤防治的健康教育干预提供依据。方法采用横断面研究方法 ,调查北京市某社区40岁～妇女2952人。问卷调查妇女的人口学信息、肿瘤危险因素认知情况、乳腺癌认知情况、肿瘤知识来源途径等。结果调查人群对肿瘤危险因素认知水平较低,对乳腺癌认知情况更低,有28.2%的女性每年至少一次到专业诊所进行乳腺检查,23.1%的女性每月进行乳房自我检查。26.4%的女性认为体重过胖的女性更容易诱发乳腺癌,51.0%的女性知道乳腺癌有遗传因素。乳腺癌的认知途径主要来源于电视(61.3%)。年龄与乳腺癌认知情况差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.386,P=0.002)。文化程度与乳腺癌认知情况差异有统计学意义(χ2=63.523,P=0.000),且Cochran-Armitage趋势检验差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。结论北京市社区女性对肿瘤危险因素以及乳腺癌知晓率较低,需要通过社区健康教育提高女性对乳腺癌知晓程度。
Objective To investigate the awareness of cancer risk factors and breast cancer among female residents in Beijing community and provide basis for health education intervention in cancer prevention and control in community. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of 2952 women aged 29 years in a community in Beijing. Questionnaire survey demographic information of women, cognitive risk factors of cancer, breast cancer awareness, sources of cancer knowledge and so on. Results The survey population had a low level of knowledge of cancer risk factors and a lower awareness of breast cancer. 28.2% of women conducted breast examinations in professional clinics at least once a year and 23.1% of women performed monthly breast self-examinations. 26.4% of women think overweight women are more likely to induce breast cancer, 51.0% of women know genetic factors of breast cancer. The cognitive pathway of breast cancer mainly comes from television (61.3%). There was significant difference between age and breast cancer cognition (χ2 = 12.386, P = 0.002). There was significant difference between the educational level and the cognitive status of breast cancer (χ2 = 63.523, P = 0.000), and the trend of Cochran-Armitage trend was statistically significant (P <0.0001). Conclusions The awareness rate of cancer risk factors and breast cancer in female community in Beijing is relatively low. Community awareness of breast cancer needs to be improved through community health education.