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梯度折射率光学(gradient-index optics)是光学领域近年来蓬勃发展的研究分支之一,其研究的对象是非均匀折射率介质中的光学现象[1]。发生于非均匀介质中的光学现象在自然界是一种普遍存在的客观物理现象。早在公元100年,人们就己观察到“海市蜃楼”、“沙漠神泉”等奇景,都是由于大气层折射率的局部不均匀变化对地面景色产生折射而出现的一种奇观。通过对这些自然现象的观察、研究,人们逐渐领悟到材料折射率的非均匀性可以导
Gradient-index optics is one of the branches of research in the field of optics that has been flourishing in recent years. Its research object is optical phenomena in non-uniform refractive index media [1]. The optical phenomena that occur in inhomogeneous media are a kind of ubiquitous objective physical phenomena in nature. As early as the year 100 AD, people have observed “miracles” such as “mirage” and “Desert Hermitage,” all of which are miracles that refraction of the terrestrial scenery due to local uneven changes in the refractive index of the atmosphere. Through the observation and study of these natural phenomena, people gradually realize that the non-uniformity of the refractive index of the material can be guided