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为寻找香蕉枯萎病防治措施,通过盆栽试验和室内试验,研究铜、锌(EDTA-Cu、EDTA-Zn)对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)生理特性的影响,以及锌与拮抗菌21号(SQR21#,多粘芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa)配合使用对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果。结果表明:(1)用尖孢镰刀菌培养得到的粗毒素处理香蕉幼苗96 h后,对照植株萎蔫严重,呈枯死状,添加EDTA-Cu或EDTA-Zn,显著减轻了粗毒素对香蕉幼苗的伤害。(2)与对照相比,添加EDTA-Cu或EDTA-Zn均显著增加了香蕉尖孢镰刀菌小型分生孢子数量和真菌生物量,但显著降低了镰刀菌酸的产量,分别降低73%和96%。(3)盆栽试验中,加锌(ZnSO4.7H2O)处理显著降低了香蕉枯萎病的病情指数。其中锌与拮抗菌21号菌同时使用防治效果最好,处理75 d病情指数比直接接菌处理降低62%。(4)21号菌显著降低了香蕉根际土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量,与直接接菌处理相比降低了18%,锌与21号菌同时使用显著增加了尖孢镰刀菌数量,比直接接菌处理增加了30%。上述结果表明,锌离子可能通过降低香蕉尖孢镰刀菌镰刀菌酸的产量以及增强拮抗菌21号菌的生防活性来有效降低香蕉枯萎病的发病率。
In order to find out the control measures of banana wilt disease, the effects of Cu-Zn (EDTA-Zn) on the physiological characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense were studied by pot experiments and laboratory experiments, Control effect on banana wilt disease with Antagonistic Strain 21 (SQR21 #, Paenibacillus polymyxa). The results showed that: (1) After treated with crude toxin of Fusarium oxysporum for 96 h, the control plants wilted seriously and wilted. Adding EDTA-Cu or EDTA-Zn significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of crude toxin on the growth of banana seedlings hurt. (2) Compared with the control, addition of EDTA-Cu or EDTA-Zn significantly increased the number of mini-conidia and fungal biomass of Fusarium oxysporum, but significantly reduced the yield of Fusaric acid by 73% and 96%. (3) In the pot experiment, adding zinc (ZnSO4.7H2O) significantly reduced the disease index of banana wilt disease. Among them, Zinc and Antagonistic Bacteria 21 strain had the best control effect, and the disease index on the 75th day was reduced by 62% than the direct bacteria inoculation. (4) No.21 strain significantly reduced the number of Fusarium oxysporum in banana rhizosphere soil, which was 18% lower than that of direct inoculation. The simultaneous use of Zn and 21 strains significantly increased the number of Fusarium oxysporum, Bacterial treatment increased by 30%. The above results show that zinc ions may effectively reduce the incidence of banana wilt disease by reducing the yield of Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Acidophilus and enhancing the biocontrol activity of antagonistic bacteria No. 21.