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目的评价厦门市开展结核病健康教育干预策略的效果。方法以厦门市6个区的全部常住人口家庭作为调查对象,采用分层系统抽样的方法,于2006年8月和2008年8月,分别对6448和6972家庭户主进行面对面入户问卷调查。通过比较两次调查结果评价结核病健康教育的效果。结果全市居民结核病知识总平均知晓率由2006年的63.3%提高到2008年的75.1%,其中城市居民由68.5%提高到81.2%,农村居民由59.1%提高到70.1%;全市居民结核病相关政策信息总平均知晓率由49.7%提高到60.9%,其中城市居民由52.8%提高到63.9%,农村居民由47.3%提高到58.4%,差别具有统计学意义。同年度城市居民的相关知识知晓率普遍高于农村居民,差别具有统计学意义。城市和农村居民获取结核病防治知识的途径有所差别,但均以电视为第一位,且2008年电视所占比重均比2006年提高,2008年通过宣传材料和宣传栏获取结核病防治知识的城市和农村居民比例较2006年增加。结论厦门市结核病健康教育干预策略成效显著,但城乡发展不平衡,居民对肺结核病防治知识及相关政策了解不够全面。开展结核病健康教育要有针对性,因地制宜、因人而异。大众传媒是结核病防治宣传的主要途径,家校联动的人际传播不失为健康教育宣传的有效方法之一。
Objective To evaluate the effect of tuberculosis health education intervention strategy in Xiamen City. Methods Totally all households in six districts of Xiamen City were selected as the survey subjects. By means of stratified systematic sampling, face-to-face questionnaires were conducted on 6448 and 6972 family heads in August 2006 and August 2008 respectively. Evaluate the effectiveness of TB health education by comparing two surveys. Results The average knowledge rate of TB knowledge among residents in the city increased from 63.3% in 2006 to 75.1% in 2008, of which the urban residents increased from 68.5% to 81.2% and the rural residents increased from 59.1% to 70.1%. The city residents’ TB-related policy information The overall average awareness rate increased from 49.7% to 60.9%, with urban residents increasing from 52.8% to 63.9% and rural residents from 47.3% to 58.4% with statistically significant differences. In the same year, the awareness rate of urban residents was generally higher than that of rural residents, the difference was statistically significant. The ways in which urban and rural residents have access to tuberculosis prevention knowledge vary, but both are topped with television, and the proportion of television increased in 2008 compared with that of 2006. In 2008, cities with knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control through information materials and billboards And the proportion of rural residents increased compared with 2006. Conclusion The effective intervention strategies of tuberculosis health education in Xiamen are remarkable, but the development of urban and rural areas is not balanced, and residents’ knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control and related policies are not comprehensive enough. To carry out health education in tuberculosis should be targeted, according to local conditions, varies from person to person. The mass media is the main way of prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. The interpersonal communication of home-school linkage is one of the effective ways to propagandize health education.