论文部分内容阅读
在古代中国、希腊和巴比伦之间是否有音乐理论的相互交流,其传播方向是从东向西还是从西向东,或者其它?几百年来人们对此议论纷纷。这些议论大都是根据中国、希腊和巴比伦三国的乐律起源时间而作出的论断。其中,中国的律学起源总是被定在公元前三至四世纪左右,甚至更晚。 本文根据近年在中国出土的音乐文物及其测音,首先讨论了中国律学的起源。它指出,公元前第60世纪舞阳贾湖村人发明的竖吹骨笛已有六声或七声音阶;至迟在公元前11世纪已有十二律与七声音阶;侯马编钟的测音表明,从数学上以三分损益完成五声音阶的计算至迟在春秋中叶(约公元前572—前542年)或管子生活的年代(?—前645)。作者还例示了“中国古代律学起源的时间进程表”。 就中国与希腊的交流问题,本文强调指出,1.古代中国的音乐家和数学家发现音程的数字比例的最晚时间也不晚于毕达哥拉斯;2.毕达哥拉斯只是发现了某些音程的数字比,而中国人却进一步提出了存在于这些数字比之间的内在联系,即三分损益。由此断言,毕氏的音乐理论决不可能影响中国。本文同时认为,中国的音乐理论也不可能影响毕氏。 就中国与巴比伦的交流问题,本文认为,李约瑟博士提出的中国接受巴比伦音乐理论的两种可能性在事实上都不成立,况且公元前第60世纪的贾湖骨笛比巴比
In ancient China, was there any exchange of musical theory between Greece and Babylon, with its direction of propagation going from east to west or from west to east, or something else? There were many people talking about this for centuries. Most of these arguments are based on the origins of the musical origins of China, Greece and Babylon. Among them, the origins of China’s law of science are always set around the third and fourth centuries BC, or even later. Based on the musical artifacts unearthed in China in recent years and their sounding measurements, this article first discusses the origins of Chinese law. It points out that the vertical blowing bone flute invented by the Jiayang people in Wuyang of the 60th century BC had six or seven sound scales and that there were twelve and seven scales in the 11th century BC; Shows that the calculation of the pentatomic scale from the mathematicity of the three-point gain and loss is accomplished by the middle of the spring and autumn (about 572-542 BC) or the life of the pipe (-644). The author also illustrates the “time history of the origins of ancient Chinese law”. As far as the exchange between China and Greece is concerned, this paper emphasizes that 1. The latest Chinese musicians and mathematicians found that the latest figure in the interval should not be later than that of Pythagoras. 2. Pythagoreans only found The number ratio of certain intervals, but the Chinese have further proposed the inherent relationship between these numbers than the ratio of three points profit and loss. From this assertion, Pythagorean music theory can never affect China. This article also believes that the Chinese music theory can not affect Pittsburgh. On the issue of the exchange between China and Babylon, this article argues that the two possibilities proposed by Dr. Needham for accepting Babylonian music theory are in fact not true. Moreover, in the 60th century BC Jiahu Bone-flute than Babe