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微量元素硒(Se)是一种人体必需的微量元素,在人体组织中主要是以硒半胱氨酸(Se-Cys)和硒蛋氨酸(Se-Met)的形式存在,构成了硒蛋白或含硒酶,是许多具有重要生物功能的硒酶的活性中心,与机体的免疫应答及抗氧化作用等生理功能密切相关。哺乳动物体内硒蛋白主要有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、脱碘酶家族(脱碘酶1、脱碘酶2和脱碘酶3)、SEPP、硒蛋白W、硒蛋白N和硫氧还蛋白等。脱碘酶是甲状腺激素代谢中最重要的转化酶,对维持机体甲状腺激素水平起着决定作用,很多的研究结果还表明,脱碘酶的基因多态性与许多疾病的发生有关,可能是相关疾病的易感基因。本文就脱碘酶基因多态性与疾病的关系研究做一综述,以期为相关疾病治疗与预防提供新的思路。
Trace elemental selenium (Se) is a trace element essential for the human body, mainly in the form of selenium cysteine (Se-Cys) and selenomethionine (Se-Met) in human tissue, constituting selenoprotein or Selenase, which is the active center of many selenases with important biological functions, is closely related to the physiological functions of the body’s immune response and antioxidation. Selenoproteins in mammals mainly include glutathione peroxidase, deiodinase family (deiodinase 1, deiodinase 2 and deiodinase 3), SEPP, selenoprotein W, selenoprotein N and thioredoxin Protein and so on. Deiodinase is the most important convertase in thyroid hormone metabolism and plays a decisive role in maintaining thyroid hormone levels in the body. Many studies have shown that the gene polymorphism of deiodinase is related to the occurrence of many diseases and may be related Disease susceptibility genes. This article reviews the relationship between deiodinase gene polymorphism and disease, in order to provide new ideas for the treatment and prevention of related diseases.