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19世纪中期,在西方列强入侵的影响下,同为东亚封建国家的中国和日本,都面临社会转型、谋求民族生存的重大课题。两国由此开始了学习西方、赶超西方的近代化进程。然而不同的是,日本通过明治维新逐步强大,中国的屡次变革不但没有使国家富强,反而沿着半殖民地半封建的道路越陷越深。这两种截然不同的结局决定了两国近百年来不同的遭遇。以史为鉴,分析他们成败的原因对我们今天的现代化建设仍有很大的借鉴意义。
In the mid-19th century, both China and Japan, fellow feudal countries in East Asia, under the influence of the invasion by Western powers faced a major issue of social transformation and the survival of their nation. The two countries thus began to learn from the West and catch up with the modernization of the West. However, the difference is that Japan’s reform and opening up through the Meiji Restoration step by step. China’s repeated changes have not only failed to make the country prosperous but have been deepening along the semi-colonial and semi-feudal road. These two very different endings determine the different experiences of the two countries over the past hundred years. Taking history as a mirror and analyzing the reasons for their successes and failures will still be of great reference to our modernization drive.