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本文综述了真核细胞反式调控蛋白的主要类型、结构与功能研究的最新进展。研究表明:各种反式调控蛋白要发挥其转录活性调节功能,必须具有两种活性结构域,即与DNA特异序列结合的DNA结合结构域和发挥其功能的转录活化结构域。前者目前已鉴定出四种-锌指结构、亮氨酸拉链结构、平衡结构域及碱性a-螺旋结构。转录活化结构域目前已发现酸性a-螺旋、富含谷氨酰胺及富含脯氨酸结构三种类型。其活性是受到多种机制的调节的,如磷酸化、糖基化以及蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用等。作者期望本文对促进国内此领域工作的开展有所裨益。
This article reviews recent advances in the study of major types, structures and functions of trans-regulated proteins in eukaryotic cells. Studies have shown that various trans-regulatory proteins must exert their transcriptional activity regulating function and must have two active domains, that is, a DNA-binding domain that binds to a DNA-specific sequence and a transcriptional activation domain that exerts its function. The former has identified four types of zinc finger structures, leucine zipper structures, equilibrium domains, and basic a-helix structures. The transcriptional activation domain has now found three types of acidic a-helical, glutamine rich and proline rich structures. Its activity is regulated by various mechanisms such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, and protein-protein interactions. The author hopes that this article will benefit the promotion of domestic work in this area.