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本文是根据我们多年对大豆籽粒性状试验结果及分析研究了全国大豆品种志(初稿)资料的基础上写成的。文中阐述了大豆籽粒性状的地理分布特点。并以进化论的观点论述了大豆籽粒大小、粒形、粒色等性状与适应性和丰产性的关系。证实了小粒、椭园形和黑豆属近野生性状的适应性强,稳产,但丰产性能差。大粒、园形和黄豆属进化程度高的性状,丰产潜力大。同时对籽粒性状与育种提出若干见解。大豆品质育种应以蛋白质和油分总量高为好。但培育高含油量低蛋白质,或高蛋白质低含油量的单用品种也是提高大豆产量的途径之一。
This article is based on our many years of soybean grain traits and analysis of the results of the study on the National Soybean Varieties Chi (draft) data on the basis of written. The article described the characteristics of the geographical distribution of soybean traits. The relationship between soybean grain size, grain shape, grain color and other traits and its adaptability and high yield was also discussed from the perspective of evolutionism. Confirmed the small grains, elliptic and black wild near wild-type adaptability, stable yield, but poor yield performance. Large grain, garden and soybeans are highly evolved traits, high yield potential. At the same time, some opinions on grain traits and breeding were put forward. Soybean quality breeding should be high total protein and oil as well. However, cultivating single-use varieties with high oil content, low protein or high protein and low oil content is also one of the ways to increase soybean yield.