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目的:研究施用不同配比及用量的氮、磷、钾、微量元素肥料对泽泻块茎产量的影响,为泽泻的合理施肥提供理论依据。方法:采用4因素5水平二次回归正交旋转设计,通过大田试验建立了氮、磷、钾及微肥施肥量与泽泻产量的效应函数。结果:试验建立的二次回归方程R2=0.8980,所建立的数学模型预测可靠程度较高,各因素对泽泻产量的影响大小依次为氮肥>微肥>钾肥>磷肥。据频数统计优化施肥量,泽泻目标产量大于8 250 kg/hm2,95%置信区间内泽泻最优施肥量为:氮肥241.45~283.55 kg/hm2、磷肥81.14~208.44 kg/hm2、钾肥95.57~239.42 kg/hm2和微量元素锌肥14.32~16.18 kg/hm2、硼肥18.84~19.86 kg/hm2、钼肥0.151~0.159 kg/hm2。结论:氮肥保证泽泻生长,钾肥促进块茎膨大,锌、硼、钼肥配施促进泽泻生长发育及对氮、磷、钾肥的吸收。适量施用氮、磷、钾肥及锌、硼、钼肥可促进泽泻产量增加,其中,增施氮肥对泽泻的增产作用最为显著。
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element fertilizers on the tuber yield of Alisma orientalis (Alisma orientalis), and to provide a theoretical basis for the rational fertilization of Alisma orientale. Methods: Quadratic regression quadratic orthogonal design with 4 factors and 5 levels was used to establish the effect function of fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and microelement and yield of. Results: The quadratic regression equation R2 = 0.8980 was established in the experiment. The mathematical model was established to predict the reliability of alisma orientalis. The effects of various factors on the yield of Alisma orientale were as follows: nitrogen fertilizer> trace fertilizer> potash fertilizer> phosphate fertilizer. According to the frequency statistics, the optimal fertilization rate was more than 8 250 kg / hm 2 in 95% confidence interval. The optimum fertilization rates of Alisma orientalis were 241.45 ~ 283.55 kg / hm 2 nitrogen fertilizer, 81.14 ~ 208.44 kg / hm 2 phosphorus fertilizer, 95.57 ~ 239.42 kg / hm2 and 14.32 ~ 16.18 kg / hm2 for trace element zinc, 18.84-19.86 kg / hm2 for boron and 0.151-0.159 kg / hm2 for molybdenum. Conclusion: Nitrogen fertilizer can guarantee the growth of Alisma orientale and potash promote tuber expansion. The combination of zinc, boron and molybdenum fertilizer can promote the growth and development of Alisma orientalis and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and zinc, boron and molybdenum fertilizers could increase the yield of Alisma orientalis. Among them, the increase of nitrogen fertilizer had the most significant effect on increasing the yield of Alisma orientale.