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根据新刑诉法的规定,“证据确实、充分”须符合三个方面的条件。其中,对“排除合理怀疑”的理解和把握,有一个最基本的问题,就是诉讼认识论问题,亦即诉讼认识决定着“排除合理怀疑”的证明标准只能达到相对的实体真实。刑事诉讼的目的也决定了实体真实的相对性。新刑诉法关于证明标准的规定,已经从积极的实体真实转向了消极的实体真实,或曰相对的实体真实,这一观念的转变对证明标准的把握和运用非常重要。
According to the provisions of the new Criminal Procedure Law, “evidence is true and sufficient” must meet the conditions in three aspects. Among them, one of the most basic issues about the understanding and grasping of “excluding reasonable doubt” is the epistemological theory of litigation, that is, the litigation understanding determines that the standard of proof of “excluding reasonable doubt” can only achieve the relative truth of the entity . The purpose of criminal proceedings also determines the true relativity of the entity. The provisions of the new Criminal Procedure Law on the standard of proof have shifted from a positive entity to a negative entity, or a relative entity, which is very important for grasping and applying the proof standard.