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本研究旨在观察4种低氧训练模式对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体抗氧化能力及呼吸链酶复合体活性的影响。将雄性Wistar大鼠40只随机均分为5组(n=8):常氧训练组(LoLo)、高住高练组(HiHi)、高住低训组(HiLo)、低住高练组(LoHi)和高住高练低训组(HiHiLo)。各组大鼠分别在常氧(海拔1500m,大气压632mmHg)或/和低氧(模拟海拔3500m,大气压493mmHg)环境中居住及递增负荷训练5周,每周训练6天。各组大鼠在最后一次训练后,在常氧环境恢复3天,然后进行力竭运动,之后即刻取骨骼肌样本,用差速离心法提取骨骼肌线粒体,分光光度法测定丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(su-peroxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性及呼吸链酶复合体Ⅰ～Ⅲ(CⅠ～Ⅲ)活性。结果显示,与LoLo组相比,HiHi和HiHiLo组骨骼肌组织MDA含量均显著升高(P<0.01),SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性均显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与LoLo组相比,HiHi和HiHiLo组骨骼肌线粒体MDA含量均显著降低(P<0.01),SOD、GSH-Px活性均显著升高(P<0.01);HiLo组和LoHi组骨骼肌线粒体GSH-Px活性也显著性升高(P<0.01)。与LoLo组相比,HiHi和HiHiLo组骨骼肌线粒体呼吸链CⅠ～Ⅲ活性均显著提高(P<0.01);HiLo组骨骼肌线粒体呼吸链CⅡ活性显著提高(P<0.01)。上述结果提示,高住高练低训法可能是运动员较好的低氧训练模式。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of four hypoxia training modes on mitochondrial antioxidant capacity and respiratory chain complex activity in skeletal muscle of rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8): LoLo, HiHi, HiLo, LoHi and HiHiLo. Rats in each group were resided in normoxia (altitude 1500m, atmospheric pressure 632mmHg) or / and hypoxia (simulated altitude 3500m, atmospheric pressure 493mmHg) for 5 weeks and were trained for 6 days per week. After the last training, the rats in each group were resumed for 3 days under normoxia and then subjected to exhaustive exercise. Immediately afterwards, skeletal muscle samples were taken and skeletal muscle mitochondria were extracted by differential centrifugation. Malondialdehyde , MDA and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities and respiratory chain enzymes Complex Ⅰ ~ Ⅲ (C Ⅰ ~ Ⅲ) activity. The results showed that compared with LoLo group, the contents of MDA in skeletal muscle of HiHi and HiHiLo groups were significantly increased (P <0.01) and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were significantly increased (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Compared with LoLo group, the content of MDA in skeletal muscle of HiHi and HiHiLo groups decreased significantly (P <0.01) and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px increased significantly (P <0.01); in HiLo group and LoHi group, skeletal muscle mitochondrial GSH- Px activity was also significantly increased (P <0.01). Compared with LoLo group, CⅠ-Ⅲ activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain in skeletal muscle of HiHi and HiHiLo groups were significantly increased (P <0.01), and CⅡactivity of skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory chain increased significantly in HiLo group (P <0.01). The above results suggest that high abortion training method may be better hypoxia training mode for athletes.