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(1)从语用学的观点看,语言是行为。一个语言行为又分为三个组成部分:言内行为、言外行为和言致行为。言内行为指话语本身具有的含义,也就是字面的意义。这种意义在特殊的语境中会弱化甚至消失。言外行为指说写者利用言内行为传递的实际信息,也就是言外之意。这个意义是说写者为了达到说写的目的按照自己的意愿给句子加上去的,它可以和句子的字面意义相联系
(1) From a pragmatic perspective, language is an act. A linguistic behavior is divided into three components: ethical behavior, illocutionary behavior, and verbal behavior. Intra-word behavior refers to the meaning of discourse itself, which is literally. This kind of meaning weakens or even disappears in special contexts. The illocutionary behavior refers to the fact that the writer uses the actual information transmitted by the verbal action, which is the meaning of illocutionary. This meaning means that the writer adds the sentence according to his or her wishes in order to achieve the purpose of speaking and writing. It can be related to the literal meaning of the sentence.