21世纪以来,随着科学技术的迅猛发展,科学教育的成效成为各国讨论的焦点。美国“2061计划”认为:美国下一代必须面临巨大的变革,而科学、数学和技术位于变革的核心,它们导致变革,塑造变革,并且对变革作出反应,它们对今日的儿童适应明日的世界十分重要[1]。因此,提高全体学生的科学素养已经成为世界各国科学教育改革的主要目标。目前,国外对科学素养已展开了大量的研究与测 Since the 21st century, with the rapid development of science and technology, the effectiveness of science education has become the focus of discussion in various countries. The United States of America’s 2061 Program believes that the next generation of the United States must face tremendous change while science, mathematics and technology are at the heart of change, leading to change, shaping change and responding to change that adapt today’s children to tomorrow’s The world is very important [1]. Therefore, improving all students’ scientific literacy has become the main goal of the reform of science education in all countries in the world. At present, foreign countries have carried out a large number of scientific literacy studies and tests