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史前人类社会发展受自然地理环境的制约,因此史前聚落的空间分布和演变与自然地理因素有密不可分的关系。本文利用GIS空间分析技术和数字高程模型(DEM),分别获取洛阳地区仰韶和龙山文化聚落遗址分布及其与海拔、坡度、离水距离、离水距离朝向、坡向这五种地理环境因子的关系。在此基础上阐释遗址分布的特征,并据此解读史前人地关系演变及成因。研究结果表明新石器时期古代人类在选择居住地时,偏好海拔500米以下、坡度小于3°、朝向最近的水源、距离水源不超过1000米的地区。
The development of prehistoric human society was restricted by the natural and geographical environment. Therefore, the spatial distribution and evolution of prehistoric settlements are inextricably linked with natural and geographical factors. In this paper, GIS spatial analysis technology and digital elevation model (DEM) were used to obtain the cultural distribution of Yangshao and Longshan sites in Luoyang, and their relationships with altitude, slope, distance to water, distance from water to the five geographical environmental factors relationship. Based on this, the characteristics of the distribution of the ruins are explained, and the evolution and causes of the prehistoric man-ground relationship are interpreted accordingly. The results show that the ancient Neolithic humans chose to live in the preferred habitat below 500 meters above sea level, the slope is less than 3 °, towards the nearest water source, water source distance of not more than 1000 meters.