利用生物质合成的航空生物燃料与化石航煤接近,可直接替代化石航煤,无需开发新的燃料运输系统,是实现航空业碳减排并降低燃油成本的重要措施之一。目前制备航空生物燃料的技术主要有油脂加氢、生物质气化-费托合成、生物质水相催化等,其中油脂加氢技术工艺简单、技术成熟度高,但受制于原料供应量及价格因素的限制;生物质水相催化合成生物燃料技术虽然尚处于小试研究阶段,但由于其原料来源广泛、工艺条件缓和、产品分布灵活可控,未来具有一定的发展前景;生物质气化-费托合成技术工艺较为复杂,操作条件苛刻,但该工艺较为成熟,副产品可直接进行综合利用,与现有石化装置可进行一体化建设,且农林废弃物等生物质资源量大、供应充足。因此,生物质气化-费托合成技术将成为未来的主要发展方向,尤其适合我国国情。我国发展航空生物燃料具有良好的人力资本和社会需求,应创建以企业为主体,研究机构、大学、政府部门、科技中介、金融组织共同参与的生物燃料创新体系,努力强化自主技术研发;同时要加大政策支持力度,可考虑将航空碳税补贴给航空生物燃料企业。 Utilizing the biomass-synthesized aviation biofuels to be close to the fossil aviation coal, it can directly replace the fossil aviation coal and does not need to develop a new fuel transportation system. It is one of the important measures to reduce the carbon emission in the aviation industry and reduce the fuel cost. At present, the technologies for preparing aerobic biofuels include fats hydrogenation, biomass gasification-Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and biomass water phase catalysis. The technology of fats hydrogenation is simple in technology and high in technical maturity, but subject to the raw material supply and price However, due to the wide sources of raw materials, easing of process conditions and flexible and controllable product distribution, the biomass biofuel technology for catalytic biofuel synthesis has certain prospects for development in the future. Biomass gasification - The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process is complicated and the operating conditions are harsh. However, the process is relatively mature. The by-products can be directly utilized and integrated with existing petrochemical plants. Biomass resources such as agricultural and forestry wastes are abundant and supplied abundantly. Therefore, biomass gasification - Fischer-Tropsch synthesis technology will become the main direction of future development, especially for China’s national conditions. The development of aviation biofuels in China has good human capital and social needs. We should create an innovative biofuel system with enterprises as the main body, research institutes, universities, government departments, science and technology intermediaries, and financial organizations, and strive to strengthen research and development of independent technologies. At the same time, Increase policy support, may consider the aviation carbon tax subsidies to the aviation biofuels business.